Psychology has passed a long way of development. Allocate its various etapy.O them that we discuss in this article. 
At the origins of psychology
The year of foundation of psychology as a separate scientific knowledge is considered to be 1879 year, when in. Wundt opened the first laboratory, referring to the University of Leipzig. From that moment separated from the philosophy of psychology in a separate area. Wundt was a physiologist, therefore, he first substantiated the basic mental processes from the point of view of physiology. IN 1889 Wundt organized a Congress with international participation, where participants shared their experiences, developments.
The further development of psychology proceeded from the basic postulates, put forward by Wundt. Wundt proceeds from, that the main method of cognition is self-observation, or introspection. This is a special procedure, during which a person engages in self-knowledge, self-regulation. This method is very difficult, requires a long preparation, systematic training. Based on this method, Wundt singled out such components of consciousness, as:
- Feel;
- feelings;
- logic.
Research has focused on finding links between these phenomena..
Followers Wundta
Later, Wundt's ideas were picked up and developed by E.. Titchener. So, he deepened self-knowledge, came up with this method, like analytical introspection. He considered them from the point of view of the structure of consciousness, and not as a collection of objects of the external world. The researcher paid special attention to the study of feelings.
Also one of the followers of Wundt was O. Kulpe – founder of the Würzburg School. He focused on the study and analysis of his own life experience., his retrospective analysis. During the study, the subject was asked to solve a certain situation, task. After that, he spoke in detail and explained the course of his thoughts when solving the problem.. The main thinking was given precisely to the course of thought processes, not their result..
Dilthey is a reformer in the field of psychology
Qualitatively new changes in psychology were introduced by me. Dilthey. So, he thought, that the method of introspection has a number of disadvantages and limitations. He was engaged in the search for new methods and ways of studying the object of knowledge, waved myths about psychology, which were aimed at ignoring this scientific discipline . He also proceeded from, that mental processes are not limited to human consciousness.
IN 1894 the author divided psychology into two areas - descriptive and explanatory psychology.
- descriptive – supervised the objects, fixed certain significant parameters.
- Explanatory – gave an explanation and interpretation of the described phenomena.
The main emphasis was on the integrity and uniqueness of the human psyche. Nevertheless, main question, which worried the researcher still remained unanswered: Is psychology related to the natural, or the humanities.
Gradually, based on explanatory psychology data, there was a rapid expansion of the boundaries and interests of psychology, the number of studied objects has increased. Changed the concept of human consciousness. Consciousness was seen as a phenomenon, which is available for study from the outside, not just by introspection. A new era of psychological knowledge has begun. It was at this time that various branches of psychology appeared..
